Simple Water Purification Model

🧠 Model Title:

“Homemade Water Purification System”

🎯 Objective:

To demonstrate how physical filtration and adsorption help purify dirty water using easily available materials.

🧩 Materials Required:

• 1 or 2 plastic bottles (cut in half)
• Sand (fine and coarse)
• Gravel or small stones
• Activated charcoal or crushed charcoal
• Cotton or cloth
• Rubber band / tape
• Dirty water (mud + small debris + colored water)
• Beaker / glass (to collect purified water)

⚙️ Construction Steps:

Cut the bottle:
Cut a plastic bottle in half; invert the top part to act like a funnel.

Layering (from bottom to top):

1. Place cotton or cloth at the mouth (to stop particles from escaping).
2. Add a layer of activated charcoal (~2–3 cm).
3. Add a layer of fine sand (~4–5 cm).
4. Add a layer of coarse sand (~4–5 cm).
5. Add a layer of gravel or small stones (~3–4 cm).

Assemble: Place the upper half (filter part) over the bottom half (collection part).

Test: Pour dirty water slowly through the top and collect the filtered water below.

🔬 Observation:

• The filtered water appears clearer and free of larger impurities.
• Charcoal absorbs color and odor.
• Sand and gravel remove suspended particles.

📚 Scientific Principle:

This model demonstrates physical filtration, adsorption, and sedimentation — processes used in natural and industrial water treatment plants.

💡 Extra Ideas (Optional):

• Add a second stage using boiling or UV light (LED) to show complete purification.